Why were Americans reluctant to create a central bank, as Hamilton propose, after the American Revolution?

The main idea behind the American Revolution was to get away from a strong, centralized government. Many of the Americans saw a centralized bank as a step backwards from what they had gained in their victory in the Revolutionary War.

After the Revolution, almost all former colonists identified chiefly with their states. There were very few "Americans" in today's sense. Rather, there were Virginians, New Yorkers, Rhode Islanders, etc. This lasted up through the civil war.
A central bank would regularize the monetary system. (States, or even individual cities, all printed their own money.) So, it was seen as an encroachment on state sovereignty. Along those lines, there was a general misapprehension about a large, centralized government. A central bank was seen as aristocratic, just as a central government was.
Not to mention the degree of outstanding debt and inflation which had hampered the American economy. Banks in general were not very popular.